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offset agreement
Defense offset agreements are arrangements in which the seller of a product or service agrees to buy products or services from its client as an inducement. These agreement are legal trade practices in the aerospace and military industries, but seen by some as protectionist and distorting of competition.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-11-13 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-11-13 )〕
Offset agreements often involve trade in military goods and services and are alternatively called: industrial compensations, industrial cooperation, offsets, industrial and regional benefits, balances, ''juste retour'' or equilibrium, to define mechanisms more complex than counter-trade.
Counter-trade can also be considered one of the many forms of defense offset, to compensate a purchasing country.〔Counter-trade is an indirect offset. As a general introduction to the topic see J. Brauer -J. P. Dunne Arms ''Trade Offsets and Development'', 2005 (Martin, 1996, Udis and Maskus, 1991).〕 The main difference between a generic offset and counter-trade, both common practices in the international defense trade, is the involvement of money. In counter-trade, goods are paid through barters or other mechanisms without the exchange of money, while in other defense offsets money is the measure and the medium of exchange.
==Definition==
An offset agreement is an agreement between two parties whereby a supplier agrees to buy products from the party to whom it is selling, in order to win the buyer as a customer and offset the buyer's outlay. Generally the seller is a foreign company and the buyer is a government that stipulates that the seller must then agree to buy products from companies within their country. Often, the aim of this process is to even-up a country's balance of trade.〔()〕 This is frequently an integral part of international defense contracts.〔http://www.acq.osd.mil/dpap/cpic/ic/offsets_of_foreign_military_sales.html〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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